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Chelyabinsk meteor


  

 
  

   



   


   


   


   


       
   

     

    
  

 

 

 

Chelyabinsk meteor








 












 





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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2013 Chelyabinsk meteor

It meteor trails after passing through the Chelyabinsk on left
Chelyabinsk meteor is located in Russia
Location of the meteor
DateFebruary 15, 2013
Time20 9:00  YEKT ( UTC +06:00 )  
Location
Coordinate55.150 ° N 61.410 ° E
It is also known asChebarkul meteorite
CauseMeteor  air burst
Injury1,491  [2]
Property damage7,200 or more and [3]  roof building, collapsed factory, windows shattered damaged
February 15, 2013, a small asteroid [4]  [5]  [6] entered the Earth's atmosphere on Russiafor 09:20 YEKT (20 minutes 3:00 UTC ) [7]  [8]  [9]  [10] 18 km / sec and estimated speed of (40,000 mph), [7] made ​​it glorious of superbolide meteor on the southern Ural region .[11] was bright enough to cast shadows that dazzling light of the meteor moves between morning sunlight Chelyabinsk from was observed with the Sverdlovsk , Tyumen ,Oblasts of Orenburg , Bashkortostan , in and to Kazakhstan . The witness, I felt the intense heat from the fireball. [12]                   
In explosion object air burst above Chelyabinsk province , in (16 miles from 9.3) a height of about 15-25 km, [7]  [13] of the latest 23.3 km height official burst is (14.5 miles). [1] It explosion bright flash, in the generation of small pieces meteorite and powerful shock wave . It absorbed most of the energy of the object atmosphere, [14] the total kinetic energy atmospheric effects corresponding to ~ 440 before kiloton TNT(~ 1.8  PJ ), [1]  [7]  [15]  [16 ]  20-30 times more energy than was released from the explosion of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki . [7]  [15]  [16]  [17] object, it did not release all of its energy as 90, some in the form of explosion kiloton TNT(~ 0.4  PJ ), the overall energy of the , fireball according to, was released as visible lightNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . [1]  [18]                             
About 1500 people were injured, [2]   2 seriously. From broken glass from the window was blown when mostly all of the injuries were due to meteorite itself rather than the indirect impact shock wave arrived came a few minutes later, Superbolide flash. [15]  [19]4,300 building part, initially [20]  [21] that it rises to the structure, such as 7,200 or more in six cities across the region, it is damaged by the explosion was reported. [3]     
When you measure about 17-20 meters across and mass, of 11,000 tons estimated initial, [1]  is an object that Chelyabinsk meteor is best known [22] has   since 1908, entered the Earth's atmosphere Tunguska event , it brought injury numerous confirmed to be the only meteorites. [21] The object has not been detected before atmospheric entry . [23]    
Access prediction of roughly 30 meters asteroid 2012 DA  14 has occurred about 16 hours later. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory , [24] source of Russia [25] European Space Agency [26] and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [7] a possibility that the two objects have not been has been shown related  two asteroid Because it had a very different trajectory.            

CONTENTS

     [  Hide  ] 

[  EDIT  ]EARLY REPORT


Path of the meteor in relation to the ground.
Witnessed the object which burns very bright in the sky to local residents Chelyabinsk ,Sverdlovsk , Tyumen and, of Orenburg Oblasts , Bashkortostan , and is adjacent to the region in Kazakhstan. [27]  [28]  [29] amateur video a few minutes then boom loud sky and showed a fireball streaking overall. [30]  [31]  [32]     
Few minutes after sunrise in the Chelyabinsk, began in Yekaterinburg 20 at 9:00 am, event, minutes before sunrise in Yekaterinburg. According to the witness, the fireball , it was brighter than the sun [28] confirmed by the fact that NASA later. [33] It is the image of the object was also taken immediately after it enters the atmosphere by weather satelliteMeteosat 9 . [15] Chelyabinsk said air of the city and the smell of gunpowder to witness.[15]     

[  edit  ]air entry


From, showing the "stage" of all air entry explosion. 
Phenomenon visible due to the passage of the asteroid  or meteorite through the atmosphere is called a meteor . The [34] , object reaches the ground, it is called meteorite . During the traversal of Chelyabinsk meteor, bright smoke then subject the end, there was an air burstcause (explosion) shock wave cause, of damage. You enter fragments, dark flight (no flash), creating scattered field a meteorite.            
According to, Russian Federation Space Agency , preliminary figures of the most recent, that the object is a moving asteroid about has been shown 30 km / s "low orbit" in.According to the, Russian Academy of Sciences , Meteor, pushed through the atmosphere at a rate of then is a 15 km / s. [10]  [15]  [35] radiation there was to the left of the rising sun and above will be displayed from the (apparent position of the origin of the meteor in the sky) video recording. [24]       
Estimates of the size of the asteroid, was in the range of a few meters from the diameter of 20 meters (66 feet). [1]  In previous reports, the Russian scientists, at first, with 10 tons of before entering the Earth's atmosphere, to estimate the mass of the asteroid, it is estimated, on the surface it separately it is 30-50 km ( I broke the 19-31 mile). [28]  [36]  [37]  U.S. space agency NASA's  from 7700 tons of mass several times early to estimate the diameter of the fireball in the 17-20 m extent, modified, [7]  then, 10,000 tons  [7]  [ 38]  [39]  [40]  , 11,000 tons in the end. [1] air burst and the shock wave at magnitude 2.7, I was recorded by seismographs. [41]  [42]  [43]        

Sample found in the Ural Federal University scientists lake Chebarkul . Which is part of the object of meteorite Chebarkul    
Russian Geographical Society, the passage of Chelyabinsk on meteor, said to have caused the explosion of three different power. The first explosion the most powerful, bright flash, was preceded lasted about 5 seconds. Estimate of altitude was in the range of , 30-70 kg and equivalent explosive about 500 kilotons, of TNT of (2,100 TJ) [N 1]  [44] and the epicenter was flashy explosion, in the south of Chelyabinsk Yemanzhelinsk and Yuzhnouralsk . The shock wave,  reached Chelyabinsk to 57 seconds after 2 minutes. [45] of the low-frequencydetected by 17 monitoring stations designed waves given off is to detect the explosion test nuclear weapons run by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission , including at most, of Antarctica far away station, about 15,000 kilometers (9,300 miles). [46]              
Analysis of CCTV and dash cam about 40 km south about explosion of the central Chelyabinsk to win, indicates that the published video meteor is approaching from the east in the south to online Korkino and continuing in the direction of the fragment, at the height of 27 km lake Chebarkul . [47]  [48]  [49]       
The similar phenomenon, the last time that was observed in the region of Chelyabinsk, after about recovery, scientists, was a meteor shower of Kunashak 1949 20 meteorite weighing more than 200 kg the total. [50] since it is considered to be a space object of up to you to enter the Chelyabinsk meteor, the Earth's atmosphere 1908 Tunguska event , [51]  [52] Be sure that only convex injured, led to many ,[21]  [N 2] The small number of panic-related injury, occurred during the Great Madrid, but meteor events of February 10, 1896. [53]        

[  EDIT  ]field scattered


112.2 g fragment of Chelyabinsk meteorite . This specimen was found on the field between the village of Emanzhelinsk and Deputatsky on February 18, 2013.Fragment broken displays a primary fusion crust thick and heavy as a flow line matrix shocked planar fracture or melt vein. Scale cube in 1cm.  
It's not yet clear if hole six meters wide lake Chebarkul was the result of frozen surface ofinfluence from, scientists Ural Federal University, collected a sample of 53 from the periphery of the hole. Check the origin of the meteor their are all at the bottom of the 1, specimen laboratory analysis centimeter, the initial size. They are ordinary chondrites are included and 10% meteorite iron . Chelyabinsk meteorite is now official name of fragment.[54]  of the team of Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia 6 scuba divers examined the impact site of the lake, I found a fragment of a large meteorite at the bottom. [55] fragments large enough to generate 6m hole whole is not found in the ice. [56]  [57]              
In the neighboring countries of Kazakhstan , the authorities said that it was looking for an object of potential unidentified two they may have influenced Aktobe province adjacent to the area of the affected Russia,. [58]  [59]  

[  EDIT  ]INJURY OR DAMAGE



Window shattered Chelyabinsk drama theater
February 2013, at the time of the 1491 18  [2] people had requested a doctor in Chelyabinsk province, including children of 311 people. Health officials, said 112 people have two in serious condition, and was in the hospital. '52 -year-old woman of the spine and a broken, were transferred to Moscow for treatment. [15] Most of thepeople hurt by falling shattered, [15] and is in blown glass . [19]      
After air blast to go off, the network of mobile phone, were overloaded in the call, the car alarm. [60] office building in Chelyabinsk were evacuated. The broken windows primarily, Chelyabinsk school all classes were canceled. [15] The window burst of kindergarten and school in 22 minutes 9:00 am when 20 children were injured at least. [61]   
The day after the meteor report by Russia Today listing "educational institutions 3724 Mansion, 671, 69 cultural facilities, hospitals and clinics of 34, 5 sports venue of Chelyabinsk region and community facilities ... 11"  [62] necessary repair result of the shock wave damage as. According to the governor Mikhail Yurevich, Chelyabinsk region, about 100,000 homeowners were affected. [63]  by the 5th March 2013, Interfax is, has reported the number of buildings damaged risen to 7,200 or more, 6,040 apartment several blocks were included, that it has 293 had not been repaired yet about a year and a half percent schools and universities, 100 cultural organizations, and 43 sports facilities, medical facilities, 718 were. [3]      

Collapsed roof of Chelyabinsk zinc plant.
Following the event, government officials Chelyabinsk, asked the parents to take home their children from school. [64]  about 600 square meters in, the roof of zinc factory collapsed during the incident. [65] was the opening of the one, which can be used as an impact area and temperature of Chelyabinsk, which is scrambling to cover the residents of Chelyabinsk broke window -15 ° C  (5 ° F)  . [66]       
Chelyabinsk Governor Mikhail Yurevich said maintenance and central heating system is a primary goal of authorities that city. [15] with more than 1 billion more than he estimated the damage caused by meteorite Ruble [67]  (about U.S. $  3300 ten thousand). (However, balcony glazing) Chelyabinsk authorities, said to be exchanged at the expense of the state is the broken window of the apartment house. [68]       
Was one of the buildings damaged in the explosion of sports palace Traktor home arena,Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Affect the post-season of KHL and events, scheduled at various stage perhaps, Arena, will be closed for inspection. [69]    

[  EDIT  ]REACTION

Medvedev , Russian Prime Minister said, is confirmed meteor's hit Russia, "the whole earth" and has been proven to be vulnerable to a meteor it Spaceguard system, objects that are similar in the future This is necessary in order to protect the earth from. [30]  [70] Dmitry logo over Jin proposed that international program will alert the country, "object of extraterrestrial origin" Deputy Prime Minister, is necessary, [71] also referred to as , objects potentially dangerous the .      
Colonel General  Nikolai commander of Bogudanofu , Central Military District task force that was created for the impact area likely to search for fragments of asteroids, to monitor the situation. Meteorites have been found one kilometer from the (0.62 miles) (measured up to 2.0 from 0.39 in) (fragment) 1-5 cm Chebarkul Chelyabinsk region in. [72]     
On the day of impact, reported that Bloomberg News is space charge of the United Nations office  "was investigating suggestions on action team created object of near-Earth  global ", the proposed asteroid in the face of the warning network system to 2012 DA  14approach. [73]  [74] a result of the impact of, two scientists in California have proposed inductive energy weapons . In order to protect the Earth from asteroid as a possible means, technological development [75]  [76]        

[  edit  ]Media coverage

 External video
Meteor air burst
 Dash cam video of a large-scale entry since the air
 Witness the explosion
 It is recorded by the surveillance camera still, bright light and sound
The Russian government, issued a brief statement in time for the event. [77] discussion ofsocial media (including the skepticism of initial, after the event of certain sophisticated modern, start almost immediately site computer-generated image ), [78] coverage, time by heavy international media and started by The AP,  less than two hours, then, gave a brief report and confirmation of the Russian government. [77]  [79] and its aftermath video meteor impact, Meteor, has seen several million times in less than 15 hours later. [80] the number of injuries caused by an asteroid, Google has led to the pull of graffiti Google in a different asteroid, 2012 DA  14 is from their website. [81] is,          
New York City Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson said attempt not so was not made ​​in the catalog and search all, meteor is unpredictable 15 meters of the near-Earth objects. [23]    

[  EDIT  ]IMPACTOR ORBITAL PARAMETERS

Preliminary orbit solution for that affect the asteroid
Source 
Q =  aphelion , Q =  perihelion  A = semi-major axis  E = eccentricity , I = inclination  Ω =  longitude of the ascending node ω =  argument of perihelion  
 
  
 
 		QQAElectronIΩω
AU
(°)
Hanki via Lyytinen;  AMS  [82] 2.530.801.660.524.05 °326.43 °116.0 °
Zuluaga, Ferrin; ArXiv some [4]2.640.821.730.513.45 °326.70 °120.62 °
Borovicka et al. IAU 3423  [11]2.330.7681.550.503.6 °326.41 °109.7 °
Multiple video Chelyabinsk superbolidefrom especially, camera traffic , helped to establish the origin of the meteor asApollo asteroid . [5] beaming and was located in the teeth of the asteroid that affect constellation Pegasus in theNorthern Hemisphere . [4] to the eastern horizon the sun was close to radiant was beginning to rise. [4]        
Belongs to the asteroid Apollo Groupnear-Earth asteroid , [4]  [6]  , was about 40 days past perihelion [82]  ( the asteroid belt that had the (farthest distance from the sun) aphelion in the closest approach to the sun) . [4]  and [82]several groups that derive the orbit that is very similar to each object independently. [83]       

[  EDIT  ]METEORITE SCRAMBLED

In the aftermath of the air burst of the body, many of the small meteorite, in general, fell into the area west of Chelyabinsk terminal velocity , fell from high-rise buildings for the speed of the part of the gravel. [84] by following the holes visible school children and local residents were left on the outer surface of the snow and position, part of the meteorite, and picked up the position to drift a lot.Speculators, and has been active in the informal market has emerged for fragments of meteorite rapidly. [84]     

[  EDIT  ]SAME TIME ASTEROID APPROACH


Comparison of the original orbit of asteroid and (large elliptical orbit blue) Chelyabinsk meteor 2012 DA  14 shows (blue circular orbit are small), that they do not like.  
Calculations showed that the object is not related to February 15 approaching asteroid2012 DA  14 passing through the earth at a distance of 27.7 thousand kg thereafter.[7]  [85]  [86]    
It occurred in the 16 hours prior to the approach of asteroid meteor of Chelyabinsk,DA 2012年  14 objects, of that size was "predicted global approach to the closest this". The earth, [87] Phil fold and seemed to have moved in a direction that is different from the 500,000 km almost separately mentioned because there was a object, they could have been related to the low. [85] science after, an initial analysis of the photos from the site Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory I concluded that the north Finland, the trajectory of the two had very different. The [24]      
Marco Langbroek (VU University Amsterdam) is, for the fragments in orbit similar that it is impossible to those turned out 2012 DA  14  to enter the atmosphere at high latitudes north and 55 degrees: fragmentary, such as when viewed from the direction of approach, the north is located on the back side of the earth 55 degrees. [88] statement released National Aeronautics and Space Administration that also, (NASA) is 2012 DA  14 , did not matter two people that had bolide "significantly different" in Russia via the orbit. [87]    

[  EDIT  ]PLEASE ALSO SEE

[  EDIT  ]NOTES

  1. ^  If it is determined at about, according to measurements from the other side of the city, the height of the blast, 30 kg, it will range from power explosive 0.1 1 kt.   
  2. ^  accurate records, the history of China, normally the 1490 Qing yang events  10,000 people have described over the death, but had not been confirmed.  

[  EDIT  ]SEE

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  52. ^  (February 15 2013) Chan, Kenneth. "I'm seen as a rare rock from space for the size and number of blast injury" . The New York Times . I Retrieved February 16, 2013 .  
  53. ^   SF Chronicle (1896). "(February 10 1896) explosion of Madrid Aerolite" . Notification from the Lick Observatorypublication of the Pacific Ocean Astronomical Society 8 (47) :86-87  Bibcode : 1896PASP .... 8 ... 86C . DOI : 10.1086/121074. ".... That much damage has been done by the force of the concussion injuries of many due to the outbreak of panic"    
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  59. ^  Russian Channel One news first shown by mistake the crater of burning of Darvaza Turkmenistan inch as Chelyabinsk impact site     
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  73. ^   Drajem, Mark; (February 15 2013) Weber, Alexander"asteroid will pass the Earth as UN Mulls monitoring network" .Bloomberg . Acquisition February 19, 2013 . 
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Attribution
  • This article contains some of the text that has been translated from the corresponding article in the Russian Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found in there  history  section.

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"The probability of meteroite beat human calculations. Suggest that much larger than the estimated value of the previous based on the number of damage events Chinese meteorite record" partial abstract

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